Mediterranean diet reduces painful inflammation, study finds

The Mediterranean diet can reduce the risk of gum disease and inflammation by up to 65 per cent, according to new research.

The diet, rich in fruit, vegetables, legumes and olive oil, was found to lower inflammation linked to gum disease.

Gum disease, also called periodontal disease, affects the tissues supporting teeth and can lead to tooth loss if untreated.

Researchers from King’s College London assessed 200 patients enrolled in an oral and dental biobank, carrying out dental exams, blood tests and diet questionnaires.

Those who did not closely follow the diet tended to have more severe gum disease, especially if they frequently consumed red meat.

Higher levels of inflammatory markers were linked to poorer gum health, while diets rich in plant-based foods were associated with lower inflammation.

Professor Luigi Nibali, the study’s lead author, said: “Our research shows the potential effect that a nutrient-dense, plant-rich diet could play in improving the nation’s gum health.

“There is emerging evidence about the role that a balanced diet might have in maintaining a periodontal healthy status.”

The Mediterranean diet consists of healthy fats such as olive oil, which contains oleic acid that reduces inflammation markers.

Fish, nuts and seeds, which are high in omega-3 fatty acids, also help deter inflammation.

Wholegrains such as brown rice, oats and wholemeal bread include compounds that fight inflammation.

Vegetables, rich in vitamins and minerals, can help the body produce more saliva, improving its ability to neutralise acids and protect gums.

Citrus fruits like oranges and lemons, and berries such as cherries and blueberries, are high in polyphenols — plant compounds that reduce plaque and tooth decay while supporting oral health.

Dr Giuseppe Mainas, a co-author of the study, said the findings should inform patient treatment.

“These aspects should be holistically considered when assessing the treatment for periodontitis in patients,” he said.

“Our research offers an important starting point that can lead to more research to better understand the relationship between food intake and gum disease.”