Omega-3 fatty acids may help protect women from Alzheimer’s, offering clues as to why more women are diagnosed than men.
Women with Alzheimer’s were found to have lower levels of unsaturated fats, especially omega fatty acids, compared with women without the disease. Researchers analysed brain inflammation and damage in plasma samples from 841 patients.
The study showed an increase in “unhealthy” saturated fats in women with Alzheimer’s, while lipids containing omega fatty acids declined most sharply.
Researchers used mass spectrometry to examine 700 groups of lipid molecules in blood plasma.
Lipids are fatty compounds vital for cell function; saturated types are generally considered less healthy than unsaturated ones containing omega fatty acids.
Dr Asger Wretlind, the study’s first author, said scientists have long known Alzheimer’s is more common in women.
Wretlind said: “Although this still warrants further research, we were able to detect biological differences in lipids between the sexes in a large cohort, and show the importance of lipids containing omegas in the blood, which has not been done before.
“The results are very striking, and now we are looking at how early in life this change occurs in women.”
Dr Cristina Legido-Quigley, reader in systems medicine, said: “Our study suggests that women should make sure they are getting omega fatty acids in their diet – through fatty fish or via supplements.”
Omega-3 fatty acids, which support brain health, are found in salmon and other oily fish, chia and flaxseeds, walnuts, and supplements.
Dr Julia Dudley, head of research at Alzheimer’s Research UK, said further investigation is needed.
She said: “This includes understanding the mechanisms behind this difference and finding out if lifestyle changes, including diet could have a role.
“Understanding how the disease works differently in women could help doctors tailor future treatments and health advice. Alzheimer’s Research UK is proud to be funding this work that will bring us a step closer to a cure.”
