A new study has found that targeted electrical brain stimulation may improve short-term and long-term memory function in older adults.
The research, conducted by Boston University, suggests that four 20-minute sessions of brain stimulation are enough to improve cognitive functions.
Researchers analysed a group of 150 healthy volunteers aged between 65 and 88, finding improved working memory on day three and day four and one month after intervention.
Short-term memory
Short-term memory (STM) refers to systems which provide retention of limited amounts of material for a limited time periods.
STM is an ability of the mind that is both enabled and constrained by the function and structure of neural circuits and systems.
STM includes storage and rehearsal components, with different brain regions supporting it, such as the left hemisphere posterior parietal and premotor frontal networks and the right regions.
Long-term memory
Long-term memory refers to unlimited storage information to be maintained for long periods, even for life.
There are two types of long-term memory: declarative or explicit memory and non-declarative or implicit memory.
Explicit memory is a type of long-term memory that’s concerned with recollection of facts and events which requires an individual to consciously recall information.
For example, when you remember birth dates of friends and family members, you’re using the explicit memory. This also applies to maths formulas or to contact details.
On the other hand, implicit memory is both unconscious and unintentional. Differently from the explicit memory, this type of memory cannot be verbally explained.
For example, these memories include how to do specific tasks such as how to play football or knowing how to use certain tools and utensils.