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Dementia risk higher following multiple heart-related conditions

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Protecting the heart throughout life is likely to have significant benefits for the brain

Suffering from multiple conditions that affect the heart is more likely to lead to dementia than genetic risk, according to a new study.

Led by University of Oxford and the University of Exeter, the study is among the largest ever to examine the link between several heart-related conditions and dementia, and one of the few to look at the complex issue of multiple health conditions.

Published in The Lancet Healthy Longevity, the paper looked at data from more than 200,000 people, aged 60 or above, and of European ancestry in UK Biobank.

The international research team identified those who had been diagnosed with the cardiometabolic conditions diabetes, stroke, or a heart attack, or any combination of the three, and those who went on to develop dementia.

Within this study population, the researchers found that the more of these three conditions a person had, the higher their risk of dementia.

People who had all three conditions were three times more likely to develop dementia than people who had a high genetic risk.

Dr Xin You Tai, lead author and doctoral student at University of Oxford, said: “Dementia is a major global issue, with predictions that 135 million worldwide will have the devastating condition by 2050.

“We found that having such heart-related conditions is linked to dementia risk to a greater extent than genetic risk.

“So whatever genetic risk you were born with, you can potentially make a big impact on reducing risk of dementia by looking after heart and metabolic health throughout life.”

Three conditions

The team, which included the universities of Glasgow and Michigan, found that nearly 20,000 of the UK Biobank participants they studied had been diagnosed with one of the three conditions.

Just over 2,000 had two conditions, and 122 had all three.

Professor David Llewellyn, senior author, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology and Clinical Health at the University of Exeter, said: “Many studies look at the risk of a single condition in relation to dementia, but health is more complex than that.

“We know that many patients actually have a range of conditions.

“Our study tells us that for people who have a diagnosis of diabetes, stroke or a heart attack it is particularly important to look after their health and ensure they are on the right treatment, to prevent further problems as well as to reduce their dementia risk.”

The team divided the 200,000 participants into three categories of genetic risk from high to low, based on a comprehensive risk score reflecting multiple genetic risk traits relevant to individuals of European ancestry.

They also had brain imaging data for over 12,000 participants, and found widespread damage across the brain for those with more than one cardiometabolic condition.

By contrast, high genetic risk was linked to deterioration only in specific parts of the brain.

Heart health

Dr Kenneth M. Langa, study co-author, Professor of Medicine at the University of Michigan and Veteran Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, said: “Our research indicates that protecting the heart throughout life likely also has significant benefits for the brain.

“To look after your heart, you can engage in regular exercise, eat a healthy diet and do everything possible to ensure blood pressure, blood sugar and cholesterol levels fall within guidelines.”

Dr Sara Imarisio, Head of Research at Alzheimer’s Research UK, said: “The evidence is clear that what’s good for your heart is also good for your head.

“A person’s risk of developing dementia is a complex mix of their age, their genes, and aspects of their lifestyle.”

The study found that people with multiple heart health conditions were even more likely to develop dementia than people who had an increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease due to their genetics, she said.

“These findings reiterate the importance of treating the causes of poor heart health, not just for its own sake, but also the added benefit in terms of reducing the number of dementia cases.”

The paper is entitled ‘Cardiometabolic multimorbidity, genetic risk, and dementia: a prospective cohort study’.

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Medtronic targets US$784m MiniMed IPO

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Less than a year after unveiling plans to spin off its diabetes division, Medtronic has confirmed it is seeking to raise US$784 million through an initial public offering of its MiniMed business.

The company intends to offer 28 million ordinary shares at an expected price range of US$25 to US$28 per share.

Underwriters will be granted a 30-day option to purchase up to a further 4.2 million shares at the IPO price.

Once listed, the newly independent company will trade on the Nasdaq under the ticker symbol “MMED”, implying a potential valuation of as much as US$7.86 billion.

Medtronic announced last year that it would separate its US$2.8 billion diabetes unit to create what it described as the only company in the sector to offer a fully integrated insulin management ecosystem.

The business centres on the MiniMed 780G insulin pump, alongside its continuous glucose monitoring systems and smart insulin pen technology.

The diabetes division employs more than 8,000 people and is headquartered in Northridge, California, near Los Angeles.

As the group’s smallest segment by revenue, the spin-off forms part of a wider strategy to streamline Medtronic’s portfolio.

That restructuring has included the formation of kidney care-focused joint venture Mozarc Medical with DaVita in 2023, as well as the company’s exit from the ventilator market the following year.

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Stem cell therapy improves frailty mobility

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A stem cell therapy improved mobility in older adults with age-related frailty after nine months in a phase 2b trial, compared with placebo.

Frailty is a condition in which older people become less able to cope with everyday or sudden stress, leaving them more vulnerable to illness, injury and poor outcomes after surgery.

The study tested laromestrocel, an intravenous therapy derived from donor bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells.

A total of 148 ambulatory adults with frailty took part, with researchers assessing physical performance and patient-reported outcomes.

Participants receiving the therapy walked further in the six-minute walk test, a standard measure of physical capacity.

After nine months, the treatment group walked an average of 63.4 metres more than those given placebo, a result described as clinically meaningful. At six months, the improvement was 41.3 metres but did not reach statistical significance.

The trial was conducted by Longeveron, a Miami-based clinical stage biotechnology company developing regenerative cell therapies for rare paediatric and chronic age-related conditions.

Joshua M. Hare, chief science officer at Longeveron, said: “We are highly encouraged by these Phase 2b results that demonstrate the potential of stem cell therapy to improve the condition of patients with ageing-related frailty.

“Those with Ageing Frailty are disproportionately compromised in their ability to cope with every day and acute stressors, are at high vulnerability to disease and injury, and are at increased risk for poor outcomes and death after surgery.

“This development area is at the core of Longeveron’s mission advancing stem cell therapies addressing life threatening conditions in the most vulnerable populations children and the elderly.”

Researchers also identified a potential biomarker, meaning a measurable biological indicator, linked to treatment response.

Higher doses of laromestrocel were associated with reductions in soluble TIE-2, a protein involved in blood vessel signalling.

Laromestrocel is being evaluated across several conditions.

The company said the findings point to a possible stem cell therapy approach for managing reduced mobility and other features of age-related frailty.

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Agetech investment and innovation round-up

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Global market to hit US$740bn in 2026, longevity needs lifts? ‘little brain’s’ big role, ageing ethics questioned…and more

IRISH insight and analysis company Research and Markets estimates the global ageing economy will surpass US$740bn this year.

These projections by the company, which is based next to the Guinness Brewery in Dublin, come in its latest paper, entitled: Longevity Market Report 2026-2036.

It takes a holistic view of the ageing economy encompassing consumer wellness, institutional healthcare, technology and regenerative medicine.

In a press release, accompanying the launch Research And Markets, say: “The longevity market is undergoing a structural shift, moving beyond predominantly consumer-driven wellness offerings toward institutionally funded healthcare solutions.

“Insurers, employers, health systems and pharmaceutical companies are increasingly integrating longevity-focused strategies to address the challenges of ageing populations, rising chronic disease burden and long-term cost sustainability.

“This evolution is accelerating demand for integrated platforms that enable early risk identification, targeted prevention and ongoing clinical engagement across the life course.”

Canadian researchers at McGill University say they have found a direct link between age‑related declines in the ‘little brain’ and worsening motor skills.

‘Little brain’ levers

Lead research author Eviatar Fields, a McGill doctoral student in the Integrated Program in Neuroscience, highlights how diminishing neuron activity in the cerebellum – at the base of the skull and known as the little brain – can impact gait, balance and agility.

The research pinpointed how changes in Purkinje cells – a key type of cerebellar neuron – drive this decline and translate into measurable changes in behaviour and physical function.

“By demonstrating how the changes that happen to Purkinje cells in age are causally linked to changes in gait, motor co-ordination and balance, our work provides new avenues for therapies that may prevent or delay motor aging.”

“This provides new hope for extending health span and ultimately improving quality of life and independence in elderly people,” said Mr Fields.

German lift company TK Elevator, is projecting a surge in demand as the global population ages and people find it increasingly difficult to use the stairs.

“As populations age – and that’s happening in Europe, it’s going to happen in China, everywhere else – there’s a need to put in elevators,” said Uday Yadav, its chief executive, speaking to the FT.

Longevity lifts

There are 22 million lifts worldwide, of which 30 per cent are more than 20 years old and potentially ripe to be refitted, he added.

TK Elevator, which was sold by German industrial conglomerate Thyssenkrupp to private equity firms Advent and Cinven for €17.2bn in 2020, is said to be looking at a potential €25bn market listing. Its revenues topped €9bn last year.

Researchers funded by the American Heart Association say the amino acid Taurine increased the life expectancy of mice, and monkeys by up to 25%.

Taurine is one of the most abundant amino acids within our bodies. It is secreted naturally and can be found in foods such as turkey, chicken, shellfish, and dairy.

It has the ability to lower blood pressure, act as an anti-inflammatory agent, and support cardiovascular health, but the concentration within human blood decreases as we age.

As well as longevity, the mice that were fed taurine exhibited improved bone density, muscle mass, pancreas function, and gut health.

Ethical questions

British GP and Medical Director Rammya Mathew has questioned the ethics of longevity highlighting how patients are being charged hefty sums of money ‘for investigations that are often unnecessary, of uncertain benefit, or unsupported by robust evidence’.

She added: “This is framed as empowering patients with knowledge, but it risks crossing the line into over-medicalisation of healthy people.”

The article published in the British Medical Journal continues: “I have watched this field with growing interest, particularly as an increasing number of high profile clinicians, some of whom have held senior roles in the NHS, move into private longevity medicine.

“Practising privately is not unethical in itself. But it does place doctors in an environment where the evidence base is often less clear, commercial pressures are more explicit, and the temptation to conflate innovation with benefit is real.”

Levels of the Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+) – a vital coenzyme found in every human cell – are the target of new research by the Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences.

The research published in the Nature Metabolism Journal indicates that certain NAD+ precursors can boost cellular energy levels and influence gut microbiome activity.

The study discovered that NAD+ precursors – nicotinamide riboside (NR), nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) increased circulating NAD+ concentrations.

NAD+ levels decline with age in multiple tissues – muscle, liver, brain and skin – by as much 65% from young adulthood to old age.

This contributes to hallmarks of aging like mitochondrial dysfunction, reduced energy production, impaired DNA repair, increased inflammation, and cellular senescence.

Ongoing research has shown that restoring NAD+ (via precursors) improves mitochondrial function, metabolic health, and resilience.

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