Increased sociability may hint at early Alzheimer’s risk

People with a higher genetic risk of Alzheimer’s disease may report greater social activity and stronger family relationships in the early stages, new research suggests.

The findings challenge the long-held belief that social withdrawal is an early symptom of dementia.

Instead, those at increased genetic risk may become more socially engaged, at least in the early stages of the disease.

Researchers from UC San Francisco and Boston University analysed data from the UK Biobank, involving around 500,000 participants with an average age of 56. The study found that people with a higher genetic risk for Alzheimer’s reported less social isolation and took part in a broader range of social activities.

They also reported more positive family relationships. However, no differences were found between higher- and lower-risk groups in levels of loneliness, friendship quality or emotional support.

Rather than withdrawing, individuals at greater genetic risk appeared more socially active and more likely to report closer family ties.

Co-senior author Dr Ashwin Kotwal said:“Their social lives may even expand.

“We don’t know for sure if they are engaging more with others, or if those around them are noticing subtle changes and giving them more support.”

This suggests that early-stage Alzheimer’s may not immediately reduce social contact. The increased sociability could be a behavioural response or a reflection of enhanced support from family and friends who notice early changes.

Social connectedness is believed to reduce or delay Alzheimer’s risk by promoting cognitive reserve – the brain’s ability to maintain function despite the effects of ageing or neurological damage.

Researchers at UCSF have also identified several modifiable risk factors for Alzheimer’s, including physical inactivity, uncontrolled diabetes, high blood pressure, poor sleep, depression, current smoking and certain medications. Experts estimate that around 30 per cent of Alzheimer’s cases may be linked to these preventable factors.

The findings raise questions about early detection and whether increased sociability could act as an early behavioural marker when paired with genetic screening.