Researchers have looked at the connection between physical activity, or being in good physical shape, and brain health – finding that exercise helps improve how our brain ages.
The study, which has been published in The Lancet, shows that the brain definitely benefits from physical activity. The team found that even small amounts of high intensity exercise have an effect on the brain.
Furthermore, they found that endurance training and good fitness can reduce the risk of dementia and promote healthy brain ageing, and even small amounts of physical activity may be enough to protect the ageing brain.
Atefe Tari, the study’s first author, said: “We summarise research that clearly indicates that exercise is not only important for the heart, but also for the brain. Physical activity appears to be one of the most promising measures we have to prevent cognitive decline and dementia.”
The article evaluated evidence from both animal and human studies, and shows how physical activity affects inflammation, blood flow, immune function, brain plasticity and the release of protective molecules in the blood – processes that weaken with age and contribute to the development of neurodegenerative diseases.
“These are mechanisms that play an important role in the development of dementia and cognitive decline,” Tari said.
Tari and Wisløff are researchers at the Cardiac Exercise Research Group (CERG) at NTNU, and have previously promoted the idea that microtraining – going from no activity to incorporating small doses of pulse training into everyday life – be included in the recommendations from Norwegian health authorities.
Today, the recommendation is at least 150 minutes of moderate or 75 minutes of high intensity per week.
“Fully 50 to 70 per cent of the population does not manage today’s activity recommendations,” Wisløff said.
The researchers point out that exercising much less than what the current recommendations recommend can provide great benefits – as long as the intensity of the training is high.
Tari and Wisløff believe that this new study makes it even more important to get the message out.
“We believe it’s time for health authorities to provide clearer advice on how important exercise is for the brain. Our review shows that even small doses of high-intensity activity – equivalent to brisk walking where you can’t sing – can reduce the risk of dementia by up to 40 per cent,” Wisløff said.
International research have supported the NTNU researchers’ findings. In a commentary in Nature Medicine, published in January, American researchers argued that public guidelines need to be updated. Even small doses of physical activity provide health benefits.
“Today’s recommendations emphasise total activity, but we show that even small amounts of high intensity exercise have an effect on the brain. This should be communicated more clearly – it may be what motivates people to get started. A little is better than nothing – and it’s never too late to start,” said Tari.
As life expectancy increases, cognitive decline and dementia are becoming a major public health challenge. Since there is still no cure, prevention is crucial.
“Exercise is cheap, accessible and has no side effects. It should be considered a first-line measure to preserve brain health,” Tari said.
